Despite the legislative evolution on the subject, there are still states with difficulties in implementing the preliminary conciliation and mediation hearings. This study aims to analyze the perspectives of professionals working in conciliation and mediation in the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Piauí, Ceará, and Paraná, highlighting elements that can facilitate the understanding of successful situations in this area and the challenges faced in its implementation and consolidation in the country. It is qualitative research, which represents a part of a more comprehensive research carried out within the scope of an agreement between the National Council of Justice and the University of São Paulo, whose data were collected through a sociodemographic questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Content analysis of the interviews carried out allowed us to identify the intended elements and differentiate them between those that are directly linked to the context of the Judiciary and those that are related to the external environment, comprising the themes of mediation and conciliation management, factors influencing the outcome, positive elements and negative elements, taking into account the variations and characteristics specific to each location and participant profile. Despite the transition of the institutional mentality promoted with the entry into force of the CPC/15, the collection of goals for judges and court employees, as well as the lack of training or even legal training of professionals to be receptive to the transformations and the valorization of the dialogue, they still constitute the main obstacle in the reality of self-composition.