The article seeks to analyze the legal institution of the simulated dispute, addressing its main characteristics, the forms of presentation and the legislative treatment given to the matter. In addition, it investigated, based on an empirical approach of documentary, quantitative and qualitative nature, the decisions made by the magistrates and collegiate bodies of the Regional Labor Court of the 21st Region, to verify the degree of incidence of cases of simulation of litigation in their decisions and the treatment given by the judges to these cases. After analyzing the data, through coding and tabulation of the research findings, it was observed that the incidence of cases involving the issue of simulated dealing is quite low in both instances of the Court, which contrasts with the expectation of misuse of the jurisdiction indicated in the theoretical framework. Finally, in examining the fundamentals of the decisions that recognized the simulation of the process, one of the most prominent reasons was the participation of the lawyer in the illegal practice, as a representative of both litigants, followed by the collection of misuse of the Labor Court as approval body for employment contract terminations.