This article examines the role of the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court (STF) and the National Council of Justice (CNJ) in the governance of criminal judicial policies. It engages with the concept of judicial policy in its decisional and administrative dimensions and proposes an analytical model to classify these policies into two types: structural specialization policies (specialized courts for domestic violence, money laundering and organized crime, and the judge of guarantees) and procedural instrumental policies (custody hearings and non-prosecution agreements). Based on a comparative analysis of these five cases, the article analyzes how the STF and the CNJ intervene across different stages of the policy cycle, distinguishing their institutional roles as, respectively, agents of constitutional governance and administrative coordination. The findings indicate that, regardless of the origin of the policies, the STF’s role goes beyond legitimation, encompassing the induction of implementation, institutional redesign, and the delimitation of policy scope, while the CNJ operates as a coordinating and diffusing body. Together, these institutions contribute to shaping and consolidating judicial policies as central components of criminal policy.